Midterm for “Public Sector Services”

Create by : Fajar Khoironi (201810050311197) Gov. Science D


      1. There is an interesting thing said by Aristotle (Aristotle, Politics, AV, 1) that the State must care about the character of its citizens. Explain the state philosophy, democracy and public services as the fulfillment of human rights in the era of regional autonomy!
Answer :

Based on the 1945 Constitution, for the administration of government in the unitary state of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions, and provinces are further divided into regency and city areas. Each provincial, district and city area is a regional government that is given the authority to regulate and manage its own government affairs based on the principle of wide-ranging, real and responsible autonomy. In establishing regional regulations, the local government is in the process of designing a particular social situation in the future.
Then there is also Article 18, Article 18A and Article 18B of the 1945 Constitution which requires that the rights, authorities and obligations to regulate and administer regional households be directed more towards the fulfillment of community interests. As an elaboration of Articles 18, 18A and 18B, Law Number 32 of 2004 outlines that the purpose and objective of granting regional autonomy is to spur welfare, equitable development and its results as well as to increase the utilization of regional potentials in an optimal and integrated manner in order to improve people's welfare, promote community initiatives and active participation in the implementation of broad, real and responsible regional autonomy, and strengthen national unity and integrity, improve public services and regional competitiveness. In the design, the regional government must be able to build a balance of interests of the parties that are the target of the regulation. Why balance is very important, because humans in their lives always use legal principles. Humans want to get peace, calm and certainty of their rights and obligations as citizens. From this angle, humans in their lives will always fulfill the obligations imposed on him in the context of fulfilling everything that is his right. Humans obey the rules so that they obtain certainty of the realization of what is their rights and obligations.



  2. What is Public Sector Service, explain the understanding of the public service system?
Answer :

Public services are all forms of services, both in the form of public goods and public services which in principle are the responsibility and are carried out by Government Agencies at the Central, Regional, and within the State-Owned Enterprises or Regional-Owned Enterprises, in the context of fulfilling efforts community needs and in the context of implementing the provisions of the legislation.


3. Public services also can not be separated from the choice of political ideas about the state. Marsilam (2003) exemplifies the political notion of a democratic state, “that government power is determined by the people and in the concept of the welfare state, the power by the state.
     a) Explain the philosophical Public Services!
     b) Explain public services as a form of welfare state implementation
     c) explain public service as a Constitutional Right
     Answer :

a. The philosophy of public service is closely related to facing the era of globalization. In facing the era of globalization which is full of challenges and opportunities of the state apparatus in, this matter is emphasized to the government apparatus, should provide the best service, oriented to the needs and satisfaction of service recipients. expected to provide a broad real impact on improving services to the community and opening up opportunities for innovation in the delivery and improvement of service quality. The advancement of information technology is also a solution in meeting aspects of transparency, accountability and public participation. Integration of government administration systems through on-line information networks needs to be developed especially in the delivery of services, so that data and information available to government agencies can be analyzed and utilized appropriately, accurately and safely.

        b. Implementation of public services in improving social welfare in accordance with the objectives of the state in the 1945 Constitution, one of which is to advance public welfare and the five precepts of Pancasila, namely social justice. In the life of a state, welfare issues are important issues that still occur today. Public servants currently performed in the context of social welfare are numerous, from the fields of health, logistics and social security.
      
    c. Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services is a law governing the principles of good governance which is the effectiveness of the functions of government itself. public services carried out by government or effective coporation can strengthen democracy and human rights, promote economic prosperity, social cohesion, reduce poverty, increase environmental protection, be wise in the use of natural resources, deepen trust in government and public administration. The state is obliged to serve every citizen and resident to fulfill their basic rights and needs within the framework of public services which are mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, building public trust in public services performed by public service providers is an activity that must be carried out in line with expectations and demands of all citizens and residents regarding the improvement of public services, in an effort to reinforce the rights and obligations of every citizen and citizen and the realization of state and corporate responsibilities in the delivery of public services, required legal norms that provide clear regulation, in an effort to improve quality and guaranteeing the provision of public services in accordance with the general principles of good governance and corporations and to provide protection for every citizen and citizen from abuse of authority in the administration of public services.
    

4. Explain the theoretical perspective of public service:
    a) Old Public Administration;
    b) New Public Management, and
    c) New Public Service
    d) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the three theories?
    Answer :

 a. The concept of the Old Public Administration has the aim of carrying out the policy and providing services, which in its implementation is carried out in a neutral, professional, and straight manner towards the stated goals. There are two keys to understanding this OPA, first, there are clear differences between politics and administration. Second, attention to structure and management strategies for the rights of public organizations is given to managers, so that tasks can be carried out effectively and efficiently.

      b. NPM is generally seen as an approach in public administration that applies knowledge and experience gained in the world of business management and other disciplines to improve the efficiency, effectiveness of public service performance in modern bureaucracies. Public companies are privatized, the public and private labor markets are deregulated, and a clear separation is made between the strategic determination of state authority by political institutions and the exercise of operational authority by the administration (government) and by independent or private responsible bodies.

      c. NPS sees the importance of the involvement of many actors in the administration of public affairs. In public administration what is with the public interest and how the public interest is realized does not only depend on state institutions but public interests must be formulated and implemented by all actors both state, business, and civil society.
    of the three theories above, the strongest is NPS, due to the advantages of NPS which tend to benefit both parties. One of them is as follows, building coalitions and non-provit public and private public agencies, prioritizing the interests of the people, and based on democracy. Then the weakest is the OPA, OPA weaknesses as follows, something that is translated politically and listed in the rules, limited policy discretion, the system is rigid.


5. The community as a whole recipient of services from the government, after fulfilling its obligations the community automatically requires efficient and effective services as a manifestation of fulfilling desires. What are Efficient Services and Effective Services?
Answer :

Efficient service is the use of minimum resources for optimal use of optimal results. Service efficiently seeks effort in the goal of finding the most ways to achieve these goals. Efficient can only be evaluated by comparing - relative comparison, comparing between input from service and renewal of service received.
            Effective Service is an attempt to get the expected goals, results or targets within a predetermined time regardless of the costs that must or have been incurred during the service. Effective services related to planning, scheduling and execution of appropriate decisions. A service can be said to be effective if the predetermined goals are successfully achieved.


6. What are the mirroring points of view in achieving excellent service quality? and Mention a few points of poor quality public services, you’re free to choose the field.
Answer :

Tangibles, is concrete evidence of a company's ability to provide the best for customers. Both in terms of the physical appearance of the building, facilities, equipment supporting technology, to the appearance of employees.
Reliability, is the company's ability to provide services in accordance with customer expectations related to speed, timeliness, no errors, sympathetic attitude, and so forth.
Responsive, is responsive in providing fast or responsive services and is accompanied by a clear and easy to understand delivery.
Guarantees, are Guarantees and Certainty obtained from the attitude of employee courtesy, good communication, and knowledge possessed, so as to foster customer trust.
Empathy, giving sincere and personal attention to customers, this is done to determine customer desires accurately and specifically.


7. Explain of poor and good quality public service in:
    a) Health Care education;
    b) Urban planning;
    c) Water supply network
    d) Telecommunications
    e) Public Transportation
    Answer :

a. Health Care Education, poor services such as hospital reception employees who are indifferent to patients who use BPJS as payment and are served halfway. Good services such as ICU services that are responsive to patients identified as positively affected by the virus.

      b. Urban Planning, bad services such as evictions without seeing the long impact and ultimately affected communities displaced. Good services such as counseling and education as well as social security for affected communities.

      c. Water supply network, good services such as providing Direct Cash Assistance in the form of water to the poor. Poor services such as slow handling of leaking water pipes which causes water supply to be hampered.

       d. Telecommunications, poor services such as uneven networks to remote areas but network providers do not want to add due to unclear reasons. Good services such as providing cheap telecommunications packages so that the poor can reach.

       e. Public transportation, poor service such as quality chairs and facilities that are not treated by the provider. good services such as, installing all facilities in transportation to ensure user comfort and safety.


8. What problems are faced in terms of government apparatus to provide effective and efficient public services?
Answer:

The problem that I see is that there are still less strict procedures for recruiting new employees and there are still many who use people in their implementation so that the incoming employees have not been competently selected and this is the main problem. And this goes back to the user of the importance of self-awareness in maintaining facilities. but there are also governments that deliberately cut funding for maintenance facilities so that there will be a number of new projects so that this will create gaps in corruption.


9. What problems are faced in terms of customers or communities to provide effective and efficient public services?
Answer :

The problem that is seen in my opinion is the lack of public awareness in maintaining and using public facilities so that many look damaged and seemingly not maintained even though the government has taken pains to maintain these facilities.


10. What steps need to be taken to overcome obstacles in the delivery of public services?
Answer :

1. Get feedback from customers, such as conducting surveys to customers, and follow-up to customers after providing services, this method can be done via email. Another way is to test the product to customers, be active on social media, provide discounts or other benefits to customers for the award of input that has been given, and utilize technology to monitor business developments such as through websites, google analytics, and so on.
2. Conduct company evaluations through surveys by focusing on the things that are most important to know. Surveys can be conducted to find out empathy or concern for customers, measure the ability of a company related to reliability and responsiveness, as well as find out service and product quality based on direct customer experience such as product function, level of cleanliness, appearance of employees, and so forth.
3. Improve company services
Improving service quality can be done by providing clear company service standards to employees, training employees to become someone who is responsible, responsive, and has a high work ethic. If possible, can give bonuses to employees who excel. In addition, making it easy for customers to submit their input is something that needs to be done. But it would be better if all efforts to improve the quality of the company's services to be carried out in a sustainable manner.

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